The revolt was so great, causing major physical destruction of Kartasura court and forced Susuhunan Paku Buwono II to fled and sought refugee in the area near Ponorogo (in East Java). With support from various loyal aristocrats and VOC, the revolt was successfully ended and the rebels were expelled from Kartasura in 1743.

It was customary, whenever a court was damaged, the ruler will seek a replacement for the court, so did Susuhunan Paku Buwono II. He decided to build his new karaton complex at the village of Solo, 20 km to the south east of Kartasura in 1745. Followed then by the "Treaty of Giyanti" (named after the village of Giyanti, near Surakarta) in 1755, which divided the ancient and theoretically indivisible realm of Mataram into two independent part, the Sunanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat under Susuhunan Paku Buwono II and the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat under Sultan Hamengku Buwono I. Sultan Hamengku Buwono I built his own new karaton in 1755 with the same pattern as Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat has, in the city of Yogyakarta.

After the division of the realm into Kasunanan Surakarta and Kasultanan Yogyakarta, the ruler still had to face the rebellion from Raden Mas Said. Thus in March 1757, two years after the Treaty of Giyanti, a subsequent meeting took place between the Sunan, the Sultan, Raden Mas Said and representatives of the Dutch, in a small town of Salatiga to sign the "Treaty of Salatiga". The treaty allowed Raden Mas Said to build his own palace on the west side of Pepe River at Solo city, this palace was named Pura Mangkunegaran. As a consequence of the treaty, the realm of Mataram was now divided into three separate regions and it's considerably strengthened the Dutch position in Java.

Different with the position held by the Karaton Yogyakarta, Karaton Surakarta and Pura Mangkunegaran now positioned themselves as a place to develop and preserve Javanese culture. At the Karaton Surakarta and Pura Mangkunegaran, public could follow and get interactively involved at many cultural event. At those palaces, the heart of an ancient Java and Solonese identity is retained. The function transformation was caused by several acts of violence, terrors, kidnapping and murder by a Communist group that disliked the traditional monarch domination of the Javanese aristocracy after President Sukarno gave the Special Province Status (DIS, Daerah Istimewa Surakarta). The special province status was given as a reward to Susuhunan and Mangkunegara's support to the new independent republic (NKRI), right after both of them declare themselves stand behind the republic.

As a city that has reached 250 years old of age, Solo has many locations containing a lot of old historical buildings. Some of the buildings are usually located at few particular areas creating an old city area. Those areas usually have their own social background.
Kauman district for example. This district is full with old big houses with so many different styles of architecture. At first, Kauman district that lies at the west side of a Karaton Kasunanan Great Mosque was dedicated as a living place for the palace priest and their relatives. But as times goes by, this district has grown to be a district like Laweyan district which has so many successfull batik merchant. As their business grown, each of them built their luxurious houses at that very crowded district. As a result, now Kauman full of various big houses that stand side by side leaving a very narrow street for a pedestrian.

If Kauman lies on the west side of North Square, at the east side lies the district of Pasar Kliwon, the place where most Arabian ethnic lives. At Solo, Arabian ethnic that lives in Pasar Kliwon district usually called 'Encik Sar Kliwon'. Many Arabians successfully trading batik, leaving this district full of big houses in Arabian architecture.

To the north of Pasar Kliwon, at Pasar Gedhe Harjonagoro surrounding area (one of monumental heritage left by Sinuhun Pakubuwono X, design by Dutch architect Thomas Karsten, in 1930) lies the trading district of Balong. This district inhabited by most of Chinese ethnic. As a Chinatown, this district has so many building with Chinese architecture (but most of them were modernized). At Solo, Chinese ethnic that lives in Balong district usually called 'Singkek Balong'.

Laweyan, Kauman, Balong, Lodji Wetan or Pasar Kliwon is not just a place with several old buildings, but also play a key role as a witness of a city development, with their own architecture color and social background. At those places we could find many architectures style, from Javanese, Europe, Art Deco, Indis, China to Middle East. Beside those places, old historical building also could be found along the street of Slamet Riyadi, even most of them are not physically seen from the street. Most of them are covered by a commercial building like mall and shop house that did not follow certain architecture style.